{"id":13388,"date":"2022-04-29T12:29:22","date_gmt":"2022-04-29T12:29:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scorecardpvel.wpengine.com\/secuencia-de-estres-por-granizo\/"},"modified":"2023-06-02T10:43:56","modified_gmt":"2023-06-02T10:43:56","slug":"secuencia-de-estres-por-granizo","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/2023modulescorecard.pvel.com\/es\/secuencia-de-estres-por-granizo\/","title":{"rendered":"Secuencia de estr\u00e9s por granizo"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00bbin_container\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00bbmiddle\u00bb column_margin=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00bbdefault\u00bb scene_position=\u00bbcenter\u00bb top_padding=\u00bb40px\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00bb0&#8243; top_padding_tablet=\u00bb120px\u00bb bottom_padding_tablet=\u00bb40px\u00bb top_padding_phone=\u00bb60px\u00bb bottom_padding_phone=\u00bb30px\u00bb text_color=\u00bbdark\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00bbnone\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00bbbg\u00bb overflow=\u00bbvisible\u00bb advanced_gradient_angle=\u00bb0&#8243; 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gradient_direction=\u00bbleft_to_right\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00bb0.3&#8243; width=\u00bb1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=\u00bbdefault\u00bb animation_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00bbnone\u00bb border_type=\u00bbsimple\u00bb column_border_width=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_style=\u00bbsolid\u00bb gradient_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb][split_line_heading animation_type=\u00bbline-reveal-by-space\u00bb font_style=\u00bbh1&#8243; line_reveal_by_space_text_effect=\u00bbdefault\u00bb stagger_animation=\u00bbtrue\u00bb content_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb mobile_content_alignment=\u00bbinherit\u00bb link_target=\u00bb_self\u00bb text_content=\u00bbSecuencia de estr\u00e9s por granizo\u00bb][\/split_line_heading][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00bbpadding-10-percent\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00bbright\u00bb bottom_margin=\u00bb0&#8243; column_element_direction_desktop=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00bbdefault\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00bb1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00bb1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_shadow=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_link_target=\u00bb_self\u00bb overflow=\u00bbvisible\u00bb el_class=\u00bbbanner-socials\u00bb advanced_gradient_angle=\u00bb0&#8243; gradient_direction=\u00bbleft_to_right\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00bb0.3&#8243; width=\u00bb1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=\u00bbdefault\u00bb animation_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb enable_animation=\u00bbtrue\u00bb animation=\u00bbreveal-from-bottom\u00bb animation_easing=\u00bbdefault\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00bbnone\u00bb border_type=\u00bbsimple\u00bb column_border_width=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_style=\u00bbsolid\u00bb gradient_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_padding_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb][vc_column_text css_animation=\u00bbnone\u00bb css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1684170838663{padding-bottom: 6px !important;}\u00bb]<strong>Secuencia de tensi\u00f3n de granizo (HSS) de PVEL<\/strong> <span id=\"page195R_mcid2\" class=\"markedContent\"><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">somete los m\u00f3dulos a una energ\u00eda de impacto equivalente a la del granizo natural y <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">simula post<\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">&#8211;<\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">impacto del granizo<\/span> <span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">condiciones de campo para evaluar la posible p\u00e9rdida de potencia. Buen comportamiento del granizo <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">las pruebas son importantes para los proyectos desplegados para granizar<\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">&#8211;<\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">regiones propensas al granizo.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"page195R_mcid3\" class=\"markedContent\"><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Las tormentas de granizo son cada vez m\u00e1s frecuentes en algunas regiones y pueden suponer un grave riesgo para los m\u00f3dulos fotovoltaicos. PVEL <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">HSS utiliza l<\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">ab<\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">&#8211;<\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">granizo fabricado (bolas de hielo), cuyas caracter\u00edsticas<\/span> <span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">&#8211;<\/span> <span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">tama\u00f1o, masa, densidad, velocidad y <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">\u00e1ngulo de incidencia<\/span> <span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">&#8211;<\/span> <span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">se controlan cuidadosamente para crear energ\u00edas de impacto coherentes que permitan comparar los resultados. <\/span> <span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">entre listas de materiales y tipos de modelos. Los resultados de HSS permiten modu<\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">a los compradores comparar la resistencia al granizo de <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">diferentes m\u00f3dulos fotovoltaicos.<\/span><\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00bbfull_width_background\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00bbmiddle\u00bb column_margin=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00bbdefault\u00bb bg_color=\u00bbrgba(223,233,247,0.5)\u00bb scene_position=\u00bbcenter\u00bb top_padding=\u00bb40&#8243; left_padding_desktop=\u00bb80&#8243; right_padding_desktop=\u00bb80&#8243; top_padding_tablet=\u00bb80&#8243; top_padding_phone=\u00bb60&#8243; text_color=\u00bbdark\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00bbnone\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00bbbg\u00bb overflow=\u00bbvisible\u00bb advanced_gradient_angle=\u00bb0&#8243; 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background_hover_color_opacity=\u00bb1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_shadow=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_link_target=\u00bb_self\u00bb overflow=\u00bbvisible\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00bbleft_to_right\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00bb0.3&#8243; width=\u00bb1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=\u00bbdefault\u00bb animation_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00bbnone\u00bb border_type=\u00bbsimple\u00bb column_border_width=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_style=\u00bbsolid\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00bbPor qu\u00e9 son importantes las pruebas de FSS\u00bb font_container=\u00bbtag:h3|text_align:left\u00bb use_theme_fonts=\u00bbyes\u00bb css_animation=\u00bbfadeInUp\u00bb][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00bbfull_width_background\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00bbmiddle\u00bb column_margin=\u00bb100px\u00bb column_direction=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00bbdefault\u00bb bg_color=\u00bbrgba(223,233,247,0.5)\u00bb scene_position=\u00bbcenter\u00bb top_padding=\u00bb20&#8243; bottom_padding=\u00bb40&#8243; left_padding_desktop=\u00bb80&#8243; right_padding_desktop=\u00bb80&#8243; top_padding_tablet=\u00bb40&#8243; bottom_padding_tablet=\u00bb50&#8243; text_color=\u00bbdark\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00bbnone\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00bbbg\u00bb overflow=\u00bbvisible\u00bb advanced_gradient_angle=\u00bb0&#8243; overlay_strength=\u00bb0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=\u00bbleft_to_right\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00bbbottom\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00bbnone\u00bb gradient_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb shape_type=\u00bb\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00bbinherit\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00bbinherit\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00bbtop\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00bbdefault\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00bb1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00bb1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_shadow=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_link_target=\u00bb_self\u00bb column_position=\u00bbdefault\u00bb advanced_gradient_angle=\u00bb0&#8243; gradient_direction=\u00bbleft_to_right\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00bb0.3&#8243; width=\u00bb1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=\u00bbdefault\u00bb animation_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb enable_animation=\u00bbtrue\u00bb animation=\u00bbreveal-from-bottom\u00bb animation_easing=\u00bbdefault\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00bbnone\u00bb border_type=\u00bbsimple\u00bb column_border_width=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_style=\u00bbsolid\u00bb gradient_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_padding_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb][vc_column_text css_animation=\u00bbnone\u00bb]El aumento del n\u00famero de instalaciones fotovoltaicas en regiones extremas propensas al granizo preocupa a muchos miembros del sector solar. Aparte del riesgo de granizo, algunas de estas ubicaciones son ideales para grandes plantas solares a gran escala debido al excelente recurso solar, los terrenos disponibles y las econom\u00edas de escala. Tanto los promotores como los inversores se sienten atra\u00eddos por estas ventajas, pero deben aplicarse m\u00e9todos de mitigaci\u00f3n del granizo para garantizar el \u00e9xito de las operaciones a largo plazo.<\/p>\n<p>Estas estrategias de mitigaci\u00f3n incluyen la selecci\u00f3n de m\u00f3dulos con mayor resistencia al granizo y la aplicaci\u00f3n de pr\u00e1cticas de vigilancia meteorol\u00f3gica y de estiba de los rastreadores. Ya no incluyen depender de grandes pagos del seguro si el lugar se ve gravemente afectado por el granizo. En el panorama actual de los seguros para siniestros de granizo, las compa\u00f1\u00edas de seguros est\u00e1n exigiendo grandes deducibles, est\u00e1n implementando l\u00edmites que reducen significativamente los pagos del seguro, y\/o est\u00e1n a\u00f1adiendo exclusiones a las p\u00f3lizas de seguros, tales como no cubrir los m\u00f3dulos con grietas celulares. De este modo, el riesgo de da\u00f1os por granizo se ha trasladado a los dem\u00e1s participantes en el proyecto.<\/p>\n<p>El equipo de campo de PVEL ha realizado EL de campo en m\u00e1s de 2 GW de emplazamientos con da\u00f1os por granizo en los \u00faltimos cuatro a\u00f1os. Estas pruebas se utilizaron inicialmente para identificar m\u00f3dulos con da\u00f1os celulares subyacentes y ayudaron a dimensionar el pago del seguro. Pero a medida que la cobertura de los seguros por da\u00f1os causados por el granizo se hac\u00eda m\u00e1s restrictiva, la mitigaci\u00f3n de los da\u00f1os causados por el granizo cobraba cada vez m\u00e1s importancia para los propietarios de las obras. El HSS de PVEL va mucho m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de los requisitos m\u00ednimos de la norma IEC 61215 y proporciona datos fundamentales para que los promotores e inversores determinen qu\u00e9 m\u00f3dulos deben considerarse para reducir el riesgo de da\u00f1os por granizo.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00bbinherit\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00bbinherit\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00bball\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00bbdefault\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00bb1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00bb1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_shadow=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_link_target=\u00bb_self\u00bb column_position=\u00bbdefault\u00bb advanced_gradient_angle=\u00bb0&#8243; gradient_direction=\u00bbleft_to_right\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00bb0.3&#8243; width=\u00bb1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=\u00bbdefault\u00bb animation_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00bbnone\u00bb border_type=\u00bbsimple\u00bb column_border_width=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_style=\u00bbsolid\u00bb gradient_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb][vc_row_inner content_placement=\u00bbtop\u00bb column_margin=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb row_position=\u00bbdefault\u00bb row_position_tablet=\u00bbinherit\u00bb row_position_phone=\u00bbinherit\u00bb overflow=\u00bbvisible\u00bb pointer_events=\u00bball\u00bb css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1652082757088{border-bottom-width: 1.5px !important;border-bottom-style: none !important;}\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00bbinherit\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00bbinherit\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00bbright\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00bbdefault\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00bb1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00bb1&#8243; background_image=\u00bb9122&#8243; background_image_position=\u00bbcenter center\u00bb background_image_stacking=\u00bbdefault\u00bb enable_bg_scale=\u00bbtrue\u00bb background_image_loading=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_backdrop_filter=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_shadow=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00bb5px\u00bb column_link_target=\u00bb_self\u00bb overflow=\u00bbvisible\u00bb advanced_gradient_angle=\u00bb0&#8243; gradient_direction=\u00bbleft_to_right\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00bb0.3&#8243; width=\u00bb1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=\u00bbdefault\u00bb animation_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00bbzoom-out-reveal\u00bb border_type=\u00bbsimple\u00bb column_border_width=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_style=\u00bbsolid\u00bb gradient_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_padding_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb][divider line_type=\u00bbNo Line\u00bb custom_height=\u00bb246px\u00bb][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_custom_heading text=\u00bbM\u00f3dulos con da\u00f1os por granizo. Los que no tienen cristales rotos pueden tener grietas celulares extremas, pero ya no es probable que el seguro pague su sustituci\u00f3n.\u00bb font_container=\u00bbtag:p|font_size:12px|text_align:left|color:%230e0f13|line_height:20px\u00bb use_theme_fonts=\u00bbyes\u00bb css_animation=\u00bbfadeInUp\u00bb][vc_row_inner content_placement=\u00bbtop\u00bb column_margin=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb row_position=\u00bbdefault\u00bb row_position_tablet=\u00bbinherit\u00bb row_position_phone=\u00bbinherit\u00bb overflow=\u00bbvisible\u00bb pointer_events=\u00bball\u00bb css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1652082757088{border-bottom-width: 1.5px !important;border-bottom-style: none !important;}\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00bbinherit\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00bbinherit\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00bbright\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00bbdefault\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00bb1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00bb1&#8243; background_image=\u00bb9123&#8243; background_image_position=\u00bbcenter center\u00bb background_image_stacking=\u00bbdefault\u00bb enable_bg_scale=\u00bbtrue\u00bb background_image_loading=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_backdrop_filter=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_shadow=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00bb5px\u00bb column_link_target=\u00bb_self\u00bb overflow=\u00bbvisible\u00bb advanced_gradient_angle=\u00bb0&#8243; gradient_direction=\u00bbleft_to_right\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00bb0.3&#8243; width=\u00bb1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=\u00bbdefault\u00bb animation_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00bbzoom-out-reveal\u00bb border_type=\u00bbsimple\u00bb column_border_width=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_style=\u00bbsolid\u00bb gradient_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_padding_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb][divider line_type=\u00bbNo Line\u00bb custom_height=\u00bb246px\u00bb][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_custom_heading text=\u00bbUn m\u00f3dulo con m\u00e1s de 25 c\u00e9lulas agrietadas a causa del granizo, que no pod\u00eda acogerse a la cobertura del seguro debido a cambios en las p\u00f3lizas de seguro.\u00bb font_container=\u00bbtag:p|font_size:12px|text_align:left|color:%230e0f13|line_height:20px\u00bb use_theme_fonts=\u00bbyes\u00bb css_animation=\u00bbfadeInUp\u00bb][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00bbfull_width_background\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00bbmiddle\u00bb column_margin=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00bbdefault\u00bb scene_position=\u00bbcenter\u00bb top_padding=\u00bb40&#8243; bottom_padding=\u00bb40&#8243; left_padding_desktop=\u00bb0&#8243; right_padding_desktop=\u00bb0&#8243; top_padding_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb bottom_padding_tablet=\u00bb100px\u00bb top_padding_phone=\u00bb60px\u00bb bottom_padding_phone=\u00bb90px\u00bb text_color=\u00bbdark\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00bbnone\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00bbbg\u00bb overflow=\u00bbvisible\u00bb class=\u00bbmaterials-assessed\u00bb advanced_gradient_angle=\u00bb0&#8243; overlay_strength=\u00bb0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=\u00bbleft_to_right\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00bbbottom\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00bbnone\u00bb gradient_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb shape_type=\u00bb\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00bbinherit\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00bbinherit\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00bball\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00bbdefault\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00bb1&#8243; 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background_hover_color_opacity=\u00bb1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_shadow=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00bb5px\u00bb column_link_target=\u00bb_self\u00bb overflow=\u00bbvisible\u00bb el_class=\u00bbvc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs\u00bb advanced_gradient_angle=\u00bb0&#8243; gradient_direction=\u00bbleft_to_right\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00bb0.3&#8243; width=\u00bb1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=\u00bbdefault\u00bb animation_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb enable_animation=\u00bbtrue\u00bb animation=\u00bbfade-in-from-bottom\u00bb animation_easing=\u00bbdefault\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00bbzoom-out-reveal\u00bb border_type=\u00bbsimple\u00bb column_border_width=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_style=\u00bbsolid\u00bb gradient_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb][nectar_image_with_hotspots image=\u00bb8494&#8243; preview=\u00bbhttps:\/\/scorecardpvel.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/layers-compressed-new.png\u00bb color_1=\u00bbExtra-Color-2&#8243; hotspot_icon=\u00bbplus_sign\u00bb tooltip=\u00bbclick\u00bb tooltip_shadow=\u00bbnone\u00bb][nectar_hotspot left=\u00bb6.29581%\u00bb top=\u00bb35.955%\u00bb position=\u00bbtop\u00bb]Marco[\/nectar_hotspot][nectar_hotspot left=\u00bb3.69164%\u00bb top=\u00bb45.8501%\u00bb position=\u00bbtop\u00bb]Vidrio[\/nectar_hotspot][nectar_hotspot left=\u00bb77.5227%\u00bb top=\u00bb21.0584%\u00bb position=\u00bbtop\u00bb]Encapsulante frontal[\/nectar_hotspot][nectar_hotspot left=\u00bb36.6956215857424%\u00bb top=\u00bb70.1404861440818%\u00bb position=\u00bbtop\u00bb]C\u00e9lulas, interconexiones celulares[\/nectar_hotspot][\/nectar_image_with_hotspots][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00bbinherit\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00bbinherit\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00bball\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00bbdefault\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00bb1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00bb1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_shadow=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_link_target=\u00bb_self\u00bb overflow=\u00bbvisible\u00bb advanced_gradient_angle=\u00bb0&#8243; gradient_direction=\u00bbleft_to_right\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00bb0.3&#8243; width=\u00bb1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=\u00bbdefault\u00bb animation_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb enable_animation=\u00bbtrue\u00bb animation=\u00bbfade-in-from-bottom\u00bb animation_easing=\u00bbdefault\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00bbnone\u00bb border_type=\u00bbsimple\u00bb column_border_width=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_style=\u00bbsolid\u00bb gradient_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_padding_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00bbMateriales evaluados\u00bb font_container=\u00bbtag:h3|text_align:left\u00bb use_theme_fonts=\u00bbyes\u00bb css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1650456575268{padding-bottom: 22px !important;}\u00bb][vc_column_text css_animation=\u00bbnone\u00bb]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Estos materiales determinan la resistencia de un m\u00f3dulo a los impactos de granizo:<\/span>[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"nectar-fancy-ul\" data-list-icon=\"icon-salient-thin-line\" data-animation=\"false\" data-animation-delay=\"0\" data-color=\"accent-color\" data-spacing=\"default\" data-alignment=\"left\"> \n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e9lulas<\/li>\n<li>Encapsulante<\/li>\n<li>Interconexiones celulares<\/li>\n<li>Vidrio<\/li>\n<li>Marco<\/li>\n<li>Tama\u00f1o del m\u00f3dulo<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n <\/div>[nectar_btn size=\u00bbsmall\u00bb button_style=\u00bbregular\u00bb button_color_2=\u00bbAccent-Color\u00bb icon_family=\u00bbnone\u00bb text=\u00bbExplore la metodolog\u00eda de ensayo de PVEL\u00bb url=\u00bb\/es\/metodologia\/\u00bb css_animation=\u00bbfadeInUp\u00bb][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00bbfull_width_content\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00bbmiddle\u00bb column_margin=\u00bbdefault\u00bb equal_height=\u00bbyes\u00bb content_placement=\u00bbtop\u00bb column_direction=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00bbdefault\u00bb scene_position=\u00bbcenter\u00bb text_color=\u00bbdark\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00bbnone\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00bbbg\u00bb overflow=\u00bbvisible\u00bb class=\u00bbdegrade-model\u00bb advanced_gradient_angle=\u00bb0&#8243; 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background_hover_color_opacity=\u00bb1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_shadow=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_link_target=\u00bb_self\u00bb overflow=\u00bbvisible\u00bb advanced_gradient_angle=\u00bb0&#8243; gradient_direction=\u00bbleft_to_right\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00bb0.3&#8243; width=\u00bb1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=\u00bbdefault\u00bb animation_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00bbnone\u00bb border_type=\u00bbsimple\u00bb column_border_width=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_style=\u00bbsolid\u00bb gradient_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00bbProcedimiento de ensayo\u00bb font_container=\u00bbtag:h3|text_align:left\u00bb use_theme_fonts=\u00bbyes\u00bb][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner content_placement=\u00bbtop\u00bb column_margin=\u00bb100px\u00bb column_direction=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00bbdefault\u00bb top_padding=\u00bb40&#8243; top_padding_tablet=\u00bb20&#8243; text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb row_position=\u00bbdefault\u00bb row_position_tablet=\u00bbinherit\u00bb row_position_phone=\u00bbinherit\u00bb overflow=\u00bbvisible\u00bb pointer_events=\u00bball\u00bb css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1652187513403{border-bottom-width: 1.5px !important;border-bottom-style: none !important;}\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00bbinherit\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00bbinherit\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00bball\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00bbdefault\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00bb1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00bb1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_shadow=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_link_target=\u00bb_self\u00bb overflow=\u00bbvisible\u00bb advanced_gradient_angle=\u00bb0&#8243; gradient_direction=\u00bbleft_to_right\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00bb0.3&#8243; width=\u00bb1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=\u00bbdefault\u00bb animation_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb enable_animation=\u00bbtrue\u00bb animation=\u00bbfade-in-from-bottom\u00bb animation_easing=\u00bbdefault\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00bbnone\u00bb border_type=\u00bbsimple\u00bb column_border_width=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_style=\u00bbsolid\u00bb gradient_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb][vc_column_text css_animation=\u00bbnone\u00bb]<span id=\"page205R_mcid1\" class=\"markedContent\"><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">La secuencia de estr\u00e9s PQP granizo comienza disparando 11 laboratorio<\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">&#8211;<\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">laboratorio de 50 mm de di\u00e1metro a <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">ter<\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">minal (32 m\/s). El granizo se dispara contra las zonas objetivo del m\u00f3dulo en un \u00e1ngulo de 0\u00b0, seg\u00fan la norma IEC 61215. <\/span><\/span><span id=\"page205R_mcid1\" class=\"markedContent\"><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Estos disparos proporcionan una energ\u00eda de impacto de aproximadamente 31 julios, que es significativamente superior a los 2 <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">julios de la prueba de referencia de granizo de 25 mm en I<\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">CE 61215.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"page205R_mcid2\" class=\"markedContent\"><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Tras recibir los impactos de granizo, los m\u00f3dulos sin cristales rotos se someten a una carga mec\u00e1nica din\u00e1mica (DML) para propagar las grietas celulares. <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">carga mec\u00e1nica din\u00e1mica (LMD) para propagar grietas celulares, seguidas de 50 ciclos t\u00e9rmicos y 10 ciclos de congelaci\u00f3n de la humedad para <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">simular las tensiones ambientales que pueden<\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">de la c\u00e9lula<\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">&#8211;<\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">p\u00e9rdida de potencia.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"page205R_mcid3\" class=\"markedContent\"><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">PVEL tambi\u00e9n ofrece pruebas de granizo a diferentes di\u00e1metros y velocidades para proyectos con diversos grados de riesgo de granizo. <\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">riesgo de granizo.<\/span><\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00bbinherit\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00bbinherit\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00bball\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00bbdefault\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00bb1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00bb1&#8243; background_image=\u00bb8128&#8243; background_image_position=\u00bbcenter center\u00bb background_image_stacking=\u00bbdefault\u00bb enable_bg_scale=\u00bbtrue\u00bb background_image_loading=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_backdrop_filter=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_shadow=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00bb5px\u00bb column_link_target=\u00bb_self\u00bb overflow=\u00bbvisible\u00bb advanced_gradient_angle=\u00bb0&#8243; gradient_direction=\u00bbleft_to_right\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00bb0.3&#8243; width=\u00bb1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=\u00bbdefault\u00bb animation_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00bbzoom-out-reveal\u00bb border_type=\u00bbsimple\u00bb column_border_width=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_style=\u00bbsolid\u00bb gradient_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb][divider line_type=\u00bbNo Line\u00bb custom_height=\u00bb400px\u00bb][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00bbfull_width_background\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00bbmiddle\u00bb column_margin=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00bbdefault\u00bb bg_color=\u00bbrgba(223,233,247,0.3)\u00bb scene_position=\u00bbcenter\u00bb top_padding=\u00bb40&#8243; left_padding_desktop=\u00bb250&#8243; right_padding_desktop=\u00bb250&#8243; top_padding_tablet=\u00bb80&#8243; bottom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20&#8243; left_padding_tablet=\u00bb0&#8243; right_padding_tablet=\u00bb0&#8243; top_padding_phone=\u00bb60&#8243; text_color=\u00bbdark\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00bbnone\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00bbbg\u00bb overflow=\u00bbvisible\u00bb advanced_gradient_angle=\u00bb0&#8243; overlay_strength=\u00bb0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=\u00bbleft_to_right\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00bbbottom\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00bbnone\u00bb gradient_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb shape_type=\u00bb\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00bbinherit\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00bbinherit\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00bball\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00bbdefault\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00bb1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00bb1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_shadow=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_link_target=\u00bb_self\u00bb column_position=\u00bbdefault\u00bb advanced_gradient_angle=\u00bb0&#8243; gradient_direction=\u00bbleft_to_right\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00bb0.3&#8243; width=\u00bb1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=\u00bbdefault\u00bb animation_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00bbnone\u00bb border_type=\u00bbsimple\u00bb column_border_width=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_style=\u00bbsolid\u00bb gradient_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb][vc_row_inner column_margin=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00bbdefault\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00bb12px\u00bb bottom_padding_tablet=\u00bb0&#8243; text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb row_position=\u00bbdefault\u00bb row_position_tablet=\u00bbinherit\u00bb row_position_phone=\u00bbinherit\u00bb overflow=\u00bbvisible\u00bb pointer_events=\u00bball\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00bbinherit\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00bbinherit\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00bball\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00bbdefault\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00bb1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00bb1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_shadow=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_link_target=\u00bb_self\u00bb overflow=\u00bbvisible\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00bbleft_to_right\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00bb0.3&#8243; width=\u00bb1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=\u00bbdefault\u00bb animation_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00bbnone\u00bb border_type=\u00bbsimple\u00bb column_border_width=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_style=\u00bbsolid\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00bbResultados de las pruebas\u00bb font_container=\u00bbtag:h4|text_align:left\u00bb use_theme_fonts=\u00bbyes\u00bb][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text]La rotura del vidrio por impacto de granizo es mucho m\u00e1s frecuente en los m\u00f3dulos vidrio\/vidrio que en los m\u00f3dulos vidrio\/hoja posterior. Pero en el caso de los m\u00f3dulos sin rotura de vidrio, el agrietamiento de las c\u00e9lulas y la p\u00e9rdida de potencia asociada es m\u00e1s prominente en los m\u00f3dulos vidrio\/hoja trasera que en los m\u00f3dulos vidrio\/vidrio, como se muestra en estos ejemplos.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00bbfull_width_background\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00bbmiddle\u00bb column_margin=\u00bb80px\u00bb column_direction=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00bbdefault\u00bb bg_color=\u00bbrgba(223,233,247,0.3)\u00bb scene_position=\u00bbcenter\u00bb top_padding=\u00bb30&#8243; bottom_padding=\u00bb0&#8243; left_padding_desktop=\u00bb250px\u00bb right_padding_desktop=\u00bb250px\u00bb top_padding_tablet=\u00bb10&#8243; left_padding_tablet=\u00bb0&#8243; right_padding_tablet=\u00bb0&#8243; left_padding_phone=\u00bb0&#8243; right_padding_phone=\u00bb0&#8243; bottom_margin=\u00bb0&#8243; text_color=\u00bbdark\u00bb text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00bbnone\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00bbbg\u00bb overflow=\u00bbvisible\u00bb advanced_gradient_angle=\u00bb0&#8243; 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tablet_width_inherit=\u00bbdefault\u00bb animation_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00bbnone\u00bb border_type=\u00bbsimple\u00bb column_border_width=\u00bbnone\u00bb column_border_style=\u00bbsolid\u00bb column_padding_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb gradient_type=\u00bbdefault\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00bb<strong>HSS &#8211; vidrio\/\/vidrio<\/strong>\u00bb font_container=\u00bbtag:h6|text_align:left|color:%234c4d51&#8243; use_theme_fonts=\u00bbyes\u00bb el_class=\u00bbtext-upper\u00bb css=\u00bb.vc_custom_1684492600833{padding-bottom: 6px !important;}\u00bb][vc_row_inner column_margin=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00bbdefault\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00bb30px\u00bb bottom_padding_tablet=\u00bb25&#8243; bottom_padding_phone=\u00bb10&#8243; text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb row_position=\u00bbdefault\u00bb row_position_tablet=\u00bbinherit\u00bb row_position_phone=\u00bbinherit\u00bb overflow=\u00bbvisible\u00bb pointer_events=\u00bball\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00bbinherit\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00bbinherit\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00bball\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00bbdefault\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00bbdefault\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00bbdefault\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00bb1&#8243; 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